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ENG 335 Class Notes
ENG 335: Postwar Global Film
Class Notes -- 2008.06.03
===================================
Presentation:
DOGME 95
A postmodern avant-guard film tradition which began in Denmark in 1995.
Dogme 95 builds on, as well as deconstructs, the earlier New Wave movements.
It is a movement that isn't really a movement, a not-entirely-serious satire that has grown since its inception.
"The Chastity Belt"
Dogme 95's 10 rules to make authentic films
-------------------------------------------
1. LOCATION - Shooting on location ONLY. No sets. Props must not be brought in.
2. SOUND - Only natural sound. No recording of sound separate from that recorded during filming. No looping, no sound FX.
3. CAMERA - Only hand-held cameras.
4. COLOUR - Only film in colour, without special lighting.
5. OPTICS - No filters or optical work. No superimposed titles. No SFX.
6. ACTION - No superfluous action. (No murders, weapons, etc.)
7. TIME - Film must be set in the here and now. No period pieces, or future fiction pieces.
8. GENRE - Not allowed.
9. FILM - The final picture must be transferred to Academy 35mm film, with an aspect ratio of 4:3, that is, not widescreen. (The 35mm film rule has been relaxed over time, in light of the emergence of digital filmmaking.)
10. DIRECTOR - The director must not be credited.
Cool 6-minute video to explain the Dogme 95 movement:
------------------
Dogme 95
Dogme 95 is more than just a set of rules. The movement builds upon the New Waves that began after WWII.
The precursor of New Wave began in the 1940s with the Neo-Realists.
The heyday for New Wave was the 1960s. A modernist political agenda is in force.
The 1970s and 80s was the expansion of the New Wave globally, the spread of transnational filmmaking.
Now we get into the postmodern & transnational 1990s and 2000s, the post-New Wave period, where new movements are emerging, building on the elements of the earlier movements.
There are substantial differences as well:
Dogme 95 is always poking fun at the rules, an ironic and toungue-in-cheek look at the previous New Waves and avant-garde cinemas.
The earlier New Wave cinemas were about attempting to record "reality," as close to the essence of reality as possible.
Dogme 95 is an exaggeration of this medium, taking it to its logical, absurdist conclusion.
The political, anti-bourgeouisie agenda of the 1960s avant-garde is also challenged by the Dogme 95 movement, which is apolitical/politically ambivalent. There is much less of an overt political aims than there was in the 1960s New Wave.
The Dogme 95 manifesto is a manifesto about creating film movement manifestos. It is a meta-manifesto.
Dogme 95 operates under a limiting "aesthetic of chastity." This is in contrast to the earlier limiiting manifestos of the "aesthetic of hunger," where the filmmaker is limited by material poverty, the Dogme 95 filmmakers are limited by voluntary choices.
Dogme 95 reflects back on a half-century of film culture, and critiques it.
For instance, the French New Wave emphasized Auteur theory, the work of one individual: The Director. In Dogme 95, a collective and egalitarian approach is taken, where the director is not credited, but is simply part of the collective that made the film. Unlike the French New Wave, the director isn't treated as "special."
A well-known example of a film that follows many (but not all) of the conventions of Dogme 95 is "The Blair Witch Project." It is filmed on location, using only handheld cameras, without special camera work, using unrehearsed actors, nonprofessional actors, natural sound, and no special effects.
The goals of the Dogme 95 manifesto:
- Anti-Auteur, getting rid of the bourgeoise role of the director
- Reality - Looking to capture reality
- Breaking with Hollywood traditions
- Democratization of cinema - The masses produce it
- Placing the emphasis on the "Instant" - The character interactions are more important than plot
- Remove the artifice and illusion that you're "not watching a movie"
By removing all of the traditions of artifice that come down through Hollywood and technical methods, the Dogme 95 attempts to get to the heart of filmmaking.
Class Notes -- 2008.06.03
===================================
Presentation:
DOGME 95
A postmodern avant-guard film tradition which began in Denmark in 1995.
Dogme 95 builds on, as well as deconstructs, the earlier New Wave movements.
It is a movement that isn't really a movement, a not-entirely-serious satire that has grown since its inception.
"The Chastity Belt"
Dogme 95's 10 rules to make authentic films
-------------------------------------------
1. LOCATION - Shooting on location ONLY. No sets. Props must not be brought in.
2. SOUND - Only natural sound. No recording of sound separate from that recorded during filming. No looping, no sound FX.
3. CAMERA - Only hand-held cameras.
4. COLOUR - Only film in colour, without special lighting.
5. OPTICS - No filters or optical work. No superimposed titles. No SFX.
6. ACTION - No superfluous action. (No murders, weapons, etc.)
7. TIME - Film must be set in the here and now. No period pieces, or future fiction pieces.
8. GENRE - Not allowed.
9. FILM - The final picture must be transferred to Academy 35mm film, with an aspect ratio of 4:3, that is, not widescreen. (The 35mm film rule has been relaxed over time, in light of the emergence of digital filmmaking.)
10. DIRECTOR - The director must not be credited.
Cool 6-minute video to explain the Dogme 95 movement:
------------------
Dogme 95
Dogme 95 is more than just a set of rules. The movement builds upon the New Waves that began after WWII.
The precursor of New Wave began in the 1940s with the Neo-Realists.
The heyday for New Wave was the 1960s. A modernist political agenda is in force.
The 1970s and 80s was the expansion of the New Wave globally, the spread of transnational filmmaking.
Now we get into the postmodern & transnational 1990s and 2000s, the post-New Wave period, where new movements are emerging, building on the elements of the earlier movements.
There are substantial differences as well:
Dogme 95 is always poking fun at the rules, an ironic and toungue-in-cheek look at the previous New Waves and avant-garde cinemas.
The earlier New Wave cinemas were about attempting to record "reality," as close to the essence of reality as possible.
Dogme 95 is an exaggeration of this medium, taking it to its logical, absurdist conclusion.
The political, anti-bourgeouisie agenda of the 1960s avant-garde is also challenged by the Dogme 95 movement, which is apolitical/politically ambivalent. There is much less of an overt political aims than there was in the 1960s New Wave.
The Dogme 95 manifesto is a manifesto about creating film movement manifestos. It is a meta-manifesto.
Dogme 95 operates under a limiting "aesthetic of chastity." This is in contrast to the earlier limiiting manifestos of the "aesthetic of hunger," where the filmmaker is limited by material poverty, the Dogme 95 filmmakers are limited by voluntary choices.
Dogme 95 reflects back on a half-century of film culture, and critiques it.
For instance, the French New Wave emphasized Auteur theory, the work of one individual: The Director. In Dogme 95, a collective and egalitarian approach is taken, where the director is not credited, but is simply part of the collective that made the film. Unlike the French New Wave, the director isn't treated as "special."
A well-known example of a film that follows many (but not all) of the conventions of Dogme 95 is "The Blair Witch Project." It is filmed on location, using only handheld cameras, without special camera work, using unrehearsed actors, nonprofessional actors, natural sound, and no special effects.
The goals of the Dogme 95 manifesto:
- Anti-Auteur, getting rid of the bourgeoise role of the director
- Reality - Looking to capture reality
- Breaking with Hollywood traditions
- Democratization of cinema - The masses produce it
- Placing the emphasis on the "Instant" - The character interactions are more important than plot
- Remove the artifice and illusion that you're "not watching a movie"
By removing all of the traditions of artifice that come down through Hollywood and technical methods, the Dogme 95 attempts to get to the heart of filmmaking.
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